How the New York scores work

The vote records

• Each chamber keeps its own record. The Assembly's roll calls come from its bill pages at nyassembly.gov, which list every Assembly floor vote taken on a bill with each member's vote by name. The Senate's come from Open Legislation, the Senate's public service for legislative data, which records each senator's vote on every Senate floor roll call. We use every floor roll call of the 2025 and 2026 sessions: 5,523 roll calls (2,005 in the Assembly, 3,518 in the Senate), Jan. 13, 2025 to June 5, 2026.
• A roll call is used only if it lists every member serving that day exactly once and every name on it fits one legislator; the Assembly's must also add up to the yeas and nays it prints. All of them did. We also check the other way: every time a bill's actions say a chamber passed it, there's a roll call for it here. A vote the chamber reconsidered the same day and took again is in its records only as the second vote, which is the one here.
• Open Legislation files 3 roll calls a second time under another bill (a resolution and the one passed in its place, or two bills that share a number), on a day that bill had no floor action. Each is counted once, under the bill the chamber acted on. 1 more record filed that way matches no roll call that day and is left out (listed under “Who cast each vote”).
• The Assembly's last sittings of 2025 and 2026 ran past midnight: roll calls taken after midnight carry the next day's date, as its records date them.
• Most floor votes are on bills; a few are on motions (to reconsider a vote, to discharge a bill from committee, to sustain the chair's ruling on a point of order, where a yes vote keeps the ruling) or on resolutions the Senate adopted by roll call. Committee votes aren't included. Neither are voice votes, which don't record how each member voted.
• New York passes a bill with a majority of all members elected to each chamber (76 in the Assembly, 32 in the Senate), not a majority of those voting.
• Contested votes are roll calls where the losing side got at least 10% of the yeas and nays: 496 in the Assembly and 1,034 in the Senate. Every roll call has its own page. Floor votes lists the contested and party-line ones, and every roll call on request.

Who cast each vote

• The Assembly's records name members by surname, with initials where two share one (“Carroll P”, “Carroll RC”), cut to 15 letters (“Chandler-Waterm”), and the Speaker as “Mr. Speaker”. Each name goes to the one member serving that day whose name it fits. The Senate's records name each senator by a member number tied to their district, and the district on the day of the vote goes to the senator who held it. Every name on every roll call matched exactly one legislator.
• Names and terms come from Open States' data on New York legislators. Where it differs from the chambers' records, we follow those: the days six members left office (Senators Simcha Felder, Brad Hoylman-Sigal and Sean Ryan, and Assembly Members Billy Jones, Zohran Mamdani and Harvey Epstein), from the roll calls themselves, the Governor's special-election proclamations and news reports.
• New York lets a candidate run on several parties' lines (Democratic and Working Families, Republican and Conservative). Each legislator is shown in the party whose conference they sit in, the first of their lines.
• Each build checks our current members against the Assembly's member list and the Senate's list in Open Legislation.
• Photos are the official portraits from nyassembly.gov and the Senate's Open Legislation service. A member without one shows initials.
• 1 roll call couldn't be used: Senate 2025-03-17 S00489: a vote record filed under the bill on a day its actions record no floor action, matching no other roll call that day.

Votes with the Speaker or Senate Majority Leader

• New York's leaders vote like any member: the Speaker of the Assembly, Carl Heastie (District 83), and the Senate's Majority Leader and Temporary President, Andrea Stewart-Cousins (District 35), the chamber's elected leader. Both led their chambers for every vote here. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate but isn't a senator and casts a vote only to break a tie.
• The score is the share of roll calls on which the member voted the same way, yes or no, as their chamber's leader. A roll call counts only when both of them voted yes or no. The Speaker voted on 1,846 of 2,005 Assembly roll calls; the Majority Leader on 3,518 of 3,518 Senate roll calls.
• New York's leaders almost never vote no: the Speaker voted no on 33 roll calls, and the Senate's records show the Majority Leader voting yes on every one. So this score mostly shows how often a member votes yes on the bills their leader voted for.
• The headline number uses contested votes. On unanimous votes nearly everyone agrees with the leader, so the share on all votes, shown alongside, is high for almost everyone.
• A score needs at least 20 votes. The leaders aren't scored against themselves.
• This works like “votes with the President” on the Congress pages, with one difference: the President's position on a bill comes from the White House's public statements, while the leader's position here is the leader's own recorded vote.

Votes with own party

• Counts party-line votes: roll calls where most Democrats voted one way and most Republicans the other (306 in the Assembly, 679 in the Senate). The score is the share of those votes where the member voted with most of their own party. The Congress pages use the same definition.
• Partisan rank orders each chamber's current members by this score, whichever their party: 1 votes with their party most often, and the last votes with it least. Members shown with the same whole percent share a rank, and each legislator's page says how many share it and how many vote with their party more often.
• A score needs at least 20 party-line votes.
• The table of contested votes on each legislator's page marks every contested vote where they voted against most of their party, whether or not it was a party-line vote, so it can list more votes than the score counts.

Didn't vote at roll call

• The share of roll calls, while the member was in office, on which the record shows no vote for them. The Assembly's records mark such a member “ER” and don't say why. The Senate's say “excused” or “absent”; both count here. A senator who abstained counts as voting.
• Assembly members may vote by videoconference, which the Assembly's records mark; those votes count like any other. A Senate vote of “aye with reservations” counts as a yes.
• Because a bill needs a majority of all members, not voting has the same effect on the outcome as voting no.
• “In office” means the roll call lists the member: each one lists every seated member, whether or not they voted.

The seat chart

• Each chamber's current members are seats, ordered from most liberal (left) to most conservative (right). There's no DW-NOMINATE score for state legislators, so the order comes from the Legislature's own contested votes: for every pair of members, the share of contested roll calls on which they voted the same way, scaled to one left-right dimension (Poole's agreement-score method, the usual first step of roll-call scaling). Republicans are on the right. A member with fewer than 20 contested votes sits at their party's middle.
• Color uses the same rule as the Congress pages: how often a member crosses party lines toward the middle on party-line votes, siding with the other party alongside their own party's more moderate members. Solid blue or red means almost never; purple means at least 1 in 5 of those votes.
• New York legislators break from their party on party-line votes more often than members of Congress (one in ten breaks on at least 17.4% of them, against 7.4% in Congress; the median is 2.1% against 1.7%), as Florida's do, so the New York pages use Florida's color steps, twice Congress's: purple at 20% rather than 10%, then 15, 10, 6 and 3%. That keeps purple for the truly moderate, about as rare as on the Congress chart.
• Gray seats: no party-line score.

Bills passed

• Every bill introduced in the 2025–2026 session, from Open Legislation: 11,045 Assembly bills and 10,291 Senate bills. Resolutions aren't counted, and neither are the 188 proposed constitutional amendments, which New York introduces as bills but which go to the Secretary of State, never to the Governor.
• A bill counts for its prime sponsor, as the Legislature records it. Cosponsors and multisponsors aren't counted, and a bill introduced for the budget or by the Rules Committee (495 of them) counts for no member.
• New York usually passes a bill by substitution: when one chamber passes a bill, the other passes that bill in place of its own identical one. The substituted bill counts as passed for its own sponsor too, marked “through its companion”: that's how a senator gets credit for a law that passed under its Assembly number, and the reverse.
• Passed both houses: 1,612 Assembly bills and 1,612 Senate bills, counting those passed through a companion. A bill became law when the Governor signed it and it got a chapter number: the laws of 2025 run to chapter 714 and those of 2026 to chapter 312 so far, and every chapter number is one of these bills, with no gaps. The Governor vetoed others. These tie to the published totals for 2025: the Legislature passed 856 bills, one of them a proposed constitutional amendment, and the Governor signed 713 that year and vetoed 140 (New York Focus, December 23, 2025), then signed one more and vetoed one more in early 2026. The Legislature sends passed bills to the Governor through the end of the year, so 445 bills passed in 2026 are still awaiting action (49 delivered to the Governor, the rest not yet sent); they count as passed and show as “Awaiting the Governor's action”.
• New York's bill data doesn't mark local bills apart, so every bill counts the same way. The ranked number is bills that passed both houses.
• Ranks are among current members of the chamber, and among current members of the chamber in the same party: 1 has the most, and members with the same number share a rank. Members who took office during the session had less time to pass bills.

Budget projects

• New York's budget bills don't name the legislator who asked for an item, so there's no budget figure for New York legislators.

The November 3 ballot

• All 150 Assembly seats and all 63 Senate seats are on the ballot; members of both chambers serve two-year terms. The candidates are the ones the New York State Board of Elections certified, in its amended certification of October 7, 2026.
• Each candidate is shown with every ballot line they appear on, in the certification's order: New York lets parties nominate the same candidate (fusion), and an independent body's line keeps the name the certification prints.
• The certification doesn't mark incumbents: a candidate is marked the incumbent when their name fits the seat's holder. Write-in candidates aren't named.
• A candidate who serves in the Legislature now links to their voting record.

Bill explanations

New York vote pages don't carry an explanation of the bill yet. Each page's title is the bill's official title, and the page links to the bill on the Legislature's sites, where the sponsor's memo explains what it does.

Data sources and downloads

Everything these pages show can be downloaded, free to reuse. Percent columns ending in “_shown” are the whole numbers the pages show; the counts behind each one are beside it. Terms of reuse

• members.csv: Every New York legislator this term with each score, the counts behind it and the whole percent the pages show.
• votes.csv: Every New York floor roll call with its totals, whether it was contested or party-line, how the leader and each party's majority voted, and the official record.
• member-votes-house-1.csv: How every New York Assembly member voted on each floor roll call, Jan. 13, 2025 to May 29, 2026 (part 1 of 2).
• member-votes-house-2.csv: How every New York Assembly member voted on each floor roll call, June 1, 2026 to June 5, 2026 (part 2 of 2).
• member-votes-senate.csv: How every New York Senate member voted on each floor roll call.
• bills.csv: Every New York bill this term with its sponsors, its kind (statewide, local or claim) and how far it got.

Checks

• PASS: New York House: current members match the chamber's own list — 150 members and 0 vacant seats agree
• PASS: New York Senate: current members match the chamber's own list — 62 members and 1 vacant seats agree
• PASS: New York: every bill's sponsors are legislators on these pages, and their counts add up — 20,841 sponsor credits on 20,841 bills
• PASS: New York: every bill's prime sponsor matched to one legislator, every passed bill's outcome known — all of them
• PASS: New York: the vote-by-vote download's files match the state's settings — member-votes-house-1.csv, member-votes-house-2.csv, member-votes-senate.csv
• PASS: New York: the address lookup's file lists every seat's holder — 213 seats
• WARN: New York: every vote on the records credited to the right legislator — 1 vote(s) not credited (each with its reason): Senate 2025-03-17 S00489: a vote record filed under the bill on a day its actions record no floor action, matching no other roll call that day
• PASS: New York: bill explanations are approved and match their official source — 0 vote pages show one
• PASS: New York: every vote page's bill has its title — 5523 votes
• WARN: New York: every current legislator has an official portrait — 22 without (initials shown): Siela Bynoe (Senate 6), Jack Martins (Senate 7), James Sanders (Senate 10), Toby Stavisky (Senate 11), Leroy Comrie (Senate 14), Joe Addabbo (Senate 15)
• PASS: New York: the district map has every seat, and only those — 150 House districts, 63 Senate districts
• PASS: New York: every incumbent on the ballot links to their voting record — all linked
• PASS: New York: every roll call's yeas and nays add up to the printed counts (Assembly) and every roll call names every member serving once — all of them
• PASS: New York: Nov. 3 legislative candidates cover every seat on the ballot — 213 races